Иностранный язык – страница 74
1 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The aims of law
1. Law has several aims. They are all concerned with making society more stable and enabling people to flourish. The law forbids certain ways of behaving like murder, libel, and requires others, like paying income tax. If people disobey the rules the law threatens them with something unpleasant (other called a sanction), like being punished or having to pay compensation. The idea is that within this framework of do’s and don’ts people can live more securely. If they are more secure they will treat one another better.
2. A second aim is the following. Laws guarantee to people who buy and sell goods, make wills, take employment, form companies and so on that the state will if necessary enforce these arrangements.
3. A third aim is to settle disputes about what the law is and whether it has been broken. Taking these three aims together, we see that law not only threatens those who do what it forbids but promises to protect people’s interests. It imposes restrictions on them but also gives them certain guarantees.
Ответьте на вопрос
In what cases does the law impose restrictions on people?
The aims of law
1. Law has several aims. They are all concerned with making society more stable and enabling people to flourish. The law forbids certain ways of behaving like murder, libel, and requires others, like paying income tax. If people disobey the rules the law threatens them with something unpleasant (other called a sanction), like being punished or having to pay compensation. The idea is that within this framework of do’s and don’ts people can live more securely. If they are more secure they will treat one another better.
2. A second aim is the following. Laws guarantee to people who buy and sell goods, make wills, take employment, form companies and so on that the state will if necessary enforce these arrangements.
3. A third aim is to settle disputes about what the law is and whether it has been broken. Taking these three aims together, we see that law not only threatens those who do what it forbids but promises to protect people’s interests. It imposes restrictions on them but also gives them certain guarantees.
Ответьте на вопрос
In what cases does the law impose restrictions on people?
2 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The aims of law
1. Law has several aims. They are all concerned with making society more stable and enabling people to flourish. The law forbids certain ways of behaving like murder, libel, and requires others, like paying income tax. If people disobey the rules the law threatens them with something unpleasant (other called a sanction), like being punished or having to pay compensation. The idea is that within this framework of do’s and don’ts people can live more securely. If they are more secure they will treat one another better.
2. A second aim is the following. Laws guarantee to people who buy and sell goods, make wills, take employment, form companies and so on that the state will if necessary enforce these arrangements.
3. A third aim is to settle disputes about what the law is and whether it has been broken. Taking these three aims together, we see that law not only threatens those who do what it forbids but promises to protect people’s interests. It imposes restrictions on them but also gives them certain guarantees.
Определите основную идею текста.
The aims of law
1. Law has several aims. They are all concerned with making society more stable and enabling people to flourish. The law forbids certain ways of behaving like murder, libel, and requires others, like paying income tax. If people disobey the rules the law threatens them with something unpleasant (other called a sanction), like being punished or having to pay compensation. The idea is that within this framework of do’s and don’ts people can live more securely. If they are more secure they will treat one another better.
2. A second aim is the following. Laws guarantee to people who buy and sell goods, make wills, take employment, form companies and so on that the state will if necessary enforce these arrangements.
3. A third aim is to settle disputes about what the law is and whether it has been broken. Taking these three aims together, we see that law not only threatens those who do what it forbids but promises to protect people’s interests. It imposes restrictions on them but also gives them certain guarantees.
Определите основную идею текста.
3 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The state
1. The state has an important part to play in making and enforcing law. But what is a state? It is a political unit with a territory that the international community treats as independent, for example the United Kingdom, Barbados or Japan. Law settles how the state is to be governed (its constitution), what duties it owes its citizens, and what duties they owe to one another and to it. The law of the state consists of a system of government, together with a framework for making the life of citizens more secure and for enabling them to flourish.
2. Since each state has its own system of law, there are many legal systems: the law of the United Kingdom, Barbados, Japan, etc. The laws of states differ a bit but also have much in common. Legal systems are called systems because in each state or part of a state with its own laws there are official bodies concerned with the whole of its law. These bodies – the branches of the state – are the legislature, which makes laws, the executive government, which puts laws into effect, and the judges, who decide disputes about the law. These branches of government try to see that the laws do not conflict with one another. In other words, they treat the laws as pans of a system that hangs together.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
The state
1. The state has an important part to play in making and enforcing law. But what is a state? It is a political unit with a territory that the international community treats as independent, for example the United Kingdom, Barbados or Japan. Law settles how the state is to be governed (its constitution), what duties it owes its citizens, and what duties they owe to one another and to it. The law of the state consists of a system of government, together with a framework for making the life of citizens more secure and for enabling them to flourish.
2. Since each state has its own system of law, there are many legal systems: the law of the United Kingdom, Barbados, Japan, etc. The laws of states differ a bit but also have much in common. Legal systems are called systems because in each state or part of a state with its own laws there are official bodies concerned with the whole of its law. These bodies – the branches of the state – are the legislature, which makes laws, the executive government, which puts laws into effect, and the judges, who decide disputes about the law. These branches of government try to see that the laws do not conflict with one another. In other words, they treat the laws as pans of a system that hangs together.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
4 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The state
1. The state has an important part to play in making and enforcing law. But what is a state? It is a political unit with a territory that the international community treats as independent, for example the United Kingdom, Barbados or Japan. Law settles how the state is to be governed (its constitution), what duties it owes its citizens, and what duties they owe to one another and to it. The law of the state consists of a system of government, together with a framework for making the life of citizens more secure and for enabling them to flourish.
2. Since each state has its own system of law, there are many legal systems: the law of the United Kingdom, Barbados, Japan, etc. The laws of states differ a bit but also have much in common. Legal systems are called systems because in each state or part of a state with its own laws there are official bodies concerned with the whole of its law. These bodies – the branches of the state – are the legislature, which makes laws, the executive government, which puts laws into effect, and the judges, who decide disputes about the law. These branches of government try to see that the laws do not conflict with one another. In other words, they treat the laws as pans of a system that hangs together.
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
The laws of the states all over the world …
The state
1. The state has an important part to play in making and enforcing law. But what is a state? It is a political unit with a territory that the international community treats as independent, for example the United Kingdom, Barbados or Japan. Law settles how the state is to be governed (its constitution), what duties it owes its citizens, and what duties they owe to one another and to it. The law of the state consists of a system of government, together with a framework for making the life of citizens more secure and for enabling them to flourish.
2. Since each state has its own system of law, there are many legal systems: the law of the United Kingdom, Barbados, Japan, etc. The laws of states differ a bit but also have much in common. Legal systems are called systems because in each state or part of a state with its own laws there are official bodies concerned with the whole of its law. These bodies – the branches of the state – are the legislature, which makes laws, the executive government, which puts laws into effect, and the judges, who decide disputes about the law. These branches of government try to see that the laws do not conflict with one another. In other words, they treat the laws as pans of a system that hangs together.
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
The laws of the states all over the world …
5 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The state
1. The state has an important part to play in making and enforcing law. But what is a state? It is a political unit with a territory that the international community treats as independent, for example the United Kingdom, Barbados or Japan. Law settles how the state is to be governed (its constitution), what duties it owes its citizens, and what duties they owe to one another and to it. The law of the state consists of a system of government, together with a framework for making the life of citizens more secure and for enabling them to flourish.
2. Since each state has its own system of law, there are many legal systems: the law of the United Kingdom, Barbados, Japan, etc. The laws of states differ a bit but also have much in common. Legal systems are called systems because in each state or part of a state with its own laws there are official bodies concerned with the whole of its law. These bodies – the branches of the state – are the legislature, which makes laws, the executive government, which puts laws into effect, and the judges, who decide disputes about the law. These branches of government try to see that the laws do not conflict with one another. In other words, they treat the laws as pans of a system that hangs together.
Ответьте на вопрос
What are the aims of the law concerned with?
The state
1. The state has an important part to play in making and enforcing law. But what is a state? It is a political unit with a territory that the international community treats as independent, for example the United Kingdom, Barbados or Japan. Law settles how the state is to be governed (its constitution), what duties it owes its citizens, and what duties they owe to one another and to it. The law of the state consists of a system of government, together with a framework for making the life of citizens more secure and for enabling them to flourish.
2. Since each state has its own system of law, there are many legal systems: the law of the United Kingdom, Barbados, Japan, etc. The laws of states differ a bit but also have much in common. Legal systems are called systems because in each state or part of a state with its own laws there are official bodies concerned with the whole of its law. These bodies – the branches of the state – are the legislature, which makes laws, the executive government, which puts laws into effect, and the judges, who decide disputes about the law. These branches of government try to see that the laws do not conflict with one another. In other words, they treat the laws as pans of a system that hangs together.
Ответьте на вопрос
What are the aims of the law concerned with?
6 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The state
1. The state has an important part to play in making and enforcing law. But what is a state? It is a political unit with a territory that the international community treats as independent, for example the United Kingdom, Barbados or Japan. Law settles how the state is to be governed (its constitution), what duties it owes its citizens, and what duties they owe to one another and to it. The law of the state consists of a system of government, together with a framework for making the life of citizens more secure and for enabling them to flourish.
2. Since each state has its own system of law, there are many legal systems: the law of the United Kingdom, Barbados, Japan, etc. The laws of states differ a bit but also have much in common. Legal systems are called systems because in each state or part of a state with its own laws there are official bodies concerned with the whole of its law. These bodies – the branches of the state – are the legislature, which makes laws, the executive government, which puts laws into effect, and the judges, who decide disputes about the law. These branches of government try to see that the laws do not conflict with one another. In other words, they treat the laws as pans of a system that hangs together.
Определите основную идею текста.
The state
1. The state has an important part to play in making and enforcing law. But what is a state? It is a political unit with a territory that the international community treats as independent, for example the United Kingdom, Barbados or Japan. Law settles how the state is to be governed (its constitution), what duties it owes its citizens, and what duties they owe to one another and to it. The law of the state consists of a system of government, together with a framework for making the life of citizens more secure and for enabling them to flourish.
2. Since each state has its own system of law, there are many legal systems: the law of the United Kingdom, Barbados, Japan, etc. The laws of states differ a bit but also have much in common. Legal systems are called systems because in each state or part of a state with its own laws there are official bodies concerned with the whole of its law. These bodies – the branches of the state – are the legislature, which makes laws, the executive government, which puts laws into effect, and the judges, who decide disputes about the law. These branches of government try to see that the laws do not conflict with one another. In other words, they treat the laws as pans of a system that hangs together.
Определите основную идею текста.
7 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The jury
1. In England a person accused of crime must always be presumed innocent until he has been proven guilty. If a criminal case is serious it is always investigated with a jury. What is a jury and how does it function?
2. There are 12 members of the jury both men and women. There are quite a lot of people in England who think that 12 ordinary men and women are not capable of understanding properly all the evidence given at criminal trials. But there is no doubt about it because judges are great experts in summing up the evidence. The judge calls the jury's attention to all most important points in the evidence. He favoures neither prosecution nor defence. The members of the jury decide only the questions of fact. Questions of law are for the judge. The jury retires to a private room to consider the verdict. If the jury cannot agree, they must be discharged and a new jury is formed.
3. A verdict has to be unanimous. English law requires that the guilt of an accused man must be proved 'beyond reasonable doubt'. When the jury returns to the courtroom, they have to give only one answer «Guilty» or «Not guilty».
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
The jury
1. In England a person accused of crime must always be presumed innocent until he has been proven guilty. If a criminal case is serious it is always investigated with a jury. What is a jury and how does it function?
2. There are 12 members of the jury both men and women. There are quite a lot of people in England who think that 12 ordinary men and women are not capable of understanding properly all the evidence given at criminal trials. But there is no doubt about it because judges are great experts in summing up the evidence. The judge calls the jury's attention to all most important points in the evidence. He favoures neither prosecution nor defence. The members of the jury decide only the questions of fact. Questions of law are for the judge. The jury retires to a private room to consider the verdict. If the jury cannot agree, they must be discharged and a new jury is formed.
3. A verdict has to be unanimous. English law requires that the guilt of an accused man must be proved 'beyond reasonable doubt'. When the jury returns to the courtroom, they have to give only one answer «Guilty» or «Not guilty».
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
8 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The jury
1. In England a person accused of crime must always be presumed innocent until he has been proven guilty. If a criminal case is serious it is always investigated with a jury. What is a jury and how does it function?
2. There are 12 members of the jury both men and women. There are quite a lot of people in England who think that 12 ordinary men and women are not capable of understanding properly all the evidence given at criminal trials. But there is no doubt about it because judges are great experts in summing up the evidence. The judge calls the jury's attention to all most important points in the evidence. He favoures neither prosecution nor defence. The members of the jury decide only the questions of fact. Questions of law are for the judge. The jury retires to a private room to consider the verdict. If the jury cannot agree, they must be discharged and a new jury is formed.
3. A verdict has to be unanimous. English law requires that the guilt of an accused man must be proved 'beyond reasonable doubt'. When the jury returns to the courtroom, they have to give only one answer «Guilty» or «Not guilty».
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
The verdict of the jury can be …
The jury
1. In England a person accused of crime must always be presumed innocent until he has been proven guilty. If a criminal case is serious it is always investigated with a jury. What is a jury and how does it function?
2. There are 12 members of the jury both men and women. There are quite a lot of people in England who think that 12 ordinary men and women are not capable of understanding properly all the evidence given at criminal trials. But there is no doubt about it because judges are great experts in summing up the evidence. The judge calls the jury's attention to all most important points in the evidence. He favoures neither prosecution nor defence. The members of the jury decide only the questions of fact. Questions of law are for the judge. The jury retires to a private room to consider the verdict. If the jury cannot agree, they must be discharged and a new jury is formed.
3. A verdict has to be unanimous. English law requires that the guilt of an accused man must be proved 'beyond reasonable doubt'. When the jury returns to the courtroom, they have to give only one answer «Guilty» or «Not guilty».
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
The verdict of the jury can be …
9 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The jury
1. In England a person accused of crime must always be presumed innocent until he has been proven guilty. If a criminal case is serious it is always investigated with a jury. What is a jury and how does it function?
2. There are 12 members of the jury both men and women. There are quite a lot of people in England who think that 12 ordinary men and women are not capable of understanding properly all the evidence given at criminal trials. But there is no doubt about it because judges are great experts in summing up the evidence. The judge calls the jury's attention to all most important points in the evidence. He favoures neither prosecution nor defence. The members of the jury decide only the questions of fact. Questions of law are for the judge. The jury retires to a private room to consider the verdict. If the jury cannot agree, they must be discharged and a new jury is formed.
3. A verdict has to be unanimous. English law requires that the guilt of an accused man must be proved 'beyond reasonable doubt'. When the jury returns to the courtroom, they have to give only one answer «Guilty» or «Not guilty».
Ответьте на вопрос
What happens if the jury cannot come to an agreement about the verdict?
The jury
1. In England a person accused of crime must always be presumed innocent until he has been proven guilty. If a criminal case is serious it is always investigated with a jury. What is a jury and how does it function?
2. There are 12 members of the jury both men and women. There are quite a lot of people in England who think that 12 ordinary men and women are not capable of understanding properly all the evidence given at criminal trials. But there is no doubt about it because judges are great experts in summing up the evidence. The judge calls the jury's attention to all most important points in the evidence. He favoures neither prosecution nor defence. The members of the jury decide only the questions of fact. Questions of law are for the judge. The jury retires to a private room to consider the verdict. If the jury cannot agree, they must be discharged and a new jury is formed.
3. A verdict has to be unanimous. English law requires that the guilt of an accused man must be proved 'beyond reasonable doubt'. When the jury returns to the courtroom, they have to give only one answer «Guilty» or «Not guilty».
Ответьте на вопрос
What happens if the jury cannot come to an agreement about the verdict?
10 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
The jury
1. In England a person accused of crime must always be presumed innocent until he has been proven guilty. If a criminal case is serious it is always investigated with a jury. What is a jury and how does it function?
2. There are 12 members of the jury both men and women. There are quite a lot of people in England who think that 12 ordinary men and women are not capable of understanding properly all the evidence given at criminal trials. But there is no doubt about it because judges are great experts in summing up the evidence. The judge calls the jury's attention to all most important points in the evidence. He favoures neither prosecution nor defence. The members of the jury decide only the questions of fact. Questions of law are for the judge. The jury retires to a private room to consider the verdict. If the jury cannot agree, they must be discharged and a new jury is formed.
3. A verdict has to be unanimous. English law requires that the guilt of an accused man must be proved 'beyond reasonable doubt'. When the jury returns to the courtroom, they have to give only one answer «Guilty» or «Not guilty».
Определите основную идею текста.
The jury
1. In England a person accused of crime must always be presumed innocent until he has been proven guilty. If a criminal case is serious it is always investigated with a jury. What is a jury and how does it function?
2. There are 12 members of the jury both men and women. There are quite a lot of people in England who think that 12 ordinary men and women are not capable of understanding properly all the evidence given at criminal trials. But there is no doubt about it because judges are great experts in summing up the evidence. The judge calls the jury's attention to all most important points in the evidence. He favoures neither prosecution nor defence. The members of the jury decide only the questions of fact. Questions of law are for the judge. The jury retires to a private room to consider the verdict. If the jury cannot agree, they must be discharged and a new jury is formed.
3. A verdict has to be unanimous. English law requires that the guilt of an accused man must be proved 'beyond reasonable doubt'. When the jury returns to the courtroom, they have to give only one answer «Guilty» or «Not guilty».
Определите основную идею текста.
11 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Insurance
1. Insurance plays a central role in the functioning of modern economies. Life insurance offers protection against the economic impact of an untimely death; health insurance covers the sometimes extraordinary costs of medical care; and bank deposits are insured by the federal government. In each case a small premium is paid by the insured to receive benefits should an unlikely but high-cost event occur.
2. An understanding of insurance must begin with the concept of risk, or the variation in possible outcomes of a situation. A shipment of goods to Europe might arrive safely or might be lost in transit. A person may incur zero medical expenses in a good year, but if he is struck by a car, they could be upward of $100,000.
3. We cannot eliminate risk from life, even at extraordinary expense. Paying extra for double-hulled tankers still leaves oil spills possible. The only way to eliminate auto-related injuries is to eliminate automobiles. Thus, the effective response to risk combines two elements: efforts or expenditures to lessen the risk, and the purchase of insurance against the risk that remains.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
Insurance
1. Insurance plays a central role in the functioning of modern economies. Life insurance offers protection against the economic impact of an untimely death; health insurance covers the sometimes extraordinary costs of medical care; and bank deposits are insured by the federal government. In each case a small premium is paid by the insured to receive benefits should an unlikely but high-cost event occur.
2. An understanding of insurance must begin with the concept of risk, or the variation in possible outcomes of a situation. A shipment of goods to Europe might arrive safely or might be lost in transit. A person may incur zero medical expenses in a good year, but if he is struck by a car, they could be upward of $100,000.
3. We cannot eliminate risk from life, even at extraordinary expense. Paying extra for double-hulled tankers still leaves oil spills possible. The only way to eliminate auto-related injuries is to eliminate automobiles. Thus, the effective response to risk combines two elements: efforts or expenditures to lessen the risk, and the purchase of insurance against the risk that remains.
Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста.
12 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Insurance
1. Insurance plays a central role in the functioning of modern economies. Life insurance offers protection against the economic impact of an untimely death; health insurance covers the sometimes extraordinary costs of medical care; and bank deposits are insured by the federal government. In each case a small premium is paid by the insured to receive benefits should an unlikely but high-cost event occur.
2. An understanding of insurance must begin with the concept of risk, or the variation in possible outcomes of a situation. A shipment of goods to Europe might arrive safely or might be lost in transit. A person may incur zero medical expenses in a good year, but if he is struck by a car, they could be upward of $100,000.
3. We cannot eliminate risk from life, even at extraordinary expense. Paying extra for double-hulled tankers still leaves oil spills possible. The only way to eliminate auto-related injuries is to eliminate automobiles. Thus, the effective response to risk combines two elements: efforts or expenditures to lessen the risk, and the purchase of insurance against the risk that remains.
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
The effective reaction to the risk is …
Insurance
1. Insurance plays a central role in the functioning of modern economies. Life insurance offers protection against the economic impact of an untimely death; health insurance covers the sometimes extraordinary costs of medical care; and bank deposits are insured by the federal government. In each case a small premium is paid by the insured to receive benefits should an unlikely but high-cost event occur.
2. An understanding of insurance must begin with the concept of risk, or the variation in possible outcomes of a situation. A shipment of goods to Europe might arrive safely or might be lost in transit. A person may incur zero medical expenses in a good year, but if he is struck by a car, they could be upward of $100,000.
3. We cannot eliminate risk from life, even at extraordinary expense. Paying extra for double-hulled tankers still leaves oil spills possible. The only way to eliminate auto-related injuries is to eliminate automobiles. Thus, the effective response to risk combines two elements: efforts or expenditures to lessen the risk, and the purchase of insurance against the risk that remains.
Завершите утверждение согласно содержанию текста.
The effective reaction to the risk is …
13 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Insurance
1. Insurance plays a central role in the functioning of modern economies. Life insurance offers protection against the economic impact of an untimely death; health insurance covers the sometimes extraordinary costs of medical care; and bank deposits are insured by the federal government. In each case a small premium is paid by the insured to receive benefits should an unlikely but high-cost event occur.
2. An understanding of insurance must begin with the concept of risk, or the variation in possible outcomes of a situation. A shipment of goods to Europe might arrive safely or might be lost in transit. A person may incur zero medical expenses in a good year, but if he is struck by a car, they could be upward of $100,000.
3. We cannot eliminate risk from life, even at extraordinary expense. Paying extra for double-hulled tankers still leaves oil spills possible. The only way to eliminate auto-related injuries is to eliminate automobiles. Thus, the effective response to risk combines two elements: efforts or expenditures to lessen the risk, and the purchase of insurance against the risk that remains.
Ответьте на вопрос.
Who pays a premium to get insurance?
Insurance
1. Insurance plays a central role in the functioning of modern economies. Life insurance offers protection against the economic impact of an untimely death; health insurance covers the sometimes extraordinary costs of medical care; and bank deposits are insured by the federal government. In each case a small premium is paid by the insured to receive benefits should an unlikely but high-cost event occur.
2. An understanding of insurance must begin with the concept of risk, or the variation in possible outcomes of a situation. A shipment of goods to Europe might arrive safely or might be lost in transit. A person may incur zero medical expenses in a good year, but if he is struck by a car, they could be upward of $100,000.
3. We cannot eliminate risk from life, even at extraordinary expense. Paying extra for double-hulled tankers still leaves oil spills possible. The only way to eliminate auto-related injuries is to eliminate automobiles. Thus, the effective response to risk combines two elements: efforts or expenditures to lessen the risk, and the purchase of insurance against the risk that remains.
Ответьте на вопрос.
Who pays a premium to get insurance?
14 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
Insurance
1. Insurance plays a central role in the functioning of modern economies. Life insurance offers protection against the economic impact of an untimely death; health insurance covers the sometimes extraordinary costs of medical care; and bank deposits are insured by the federal government. In each case a small premium is paid by the insured to receive benefits should an unlikely but high-cost event occur.
2. An understanding of insurance must begin with the concept of risk, or the variation in possible outcomes of a situation. A shipment of goods to Europe might arrive safely or might be lost in transit. A person may incur zero medical expenses in a good year, but if he is struck by a car, they could be upward of $100,000.
3. We cannot eliminate risk from life, even at extraordinary expense. Paying extra for double-hulled tankers still leaves oil spills possible. The only way to eliminate auto-related injuries is to eliminate automobiles. Thus, the effective response to risk combines two elements: efforts or expenditures to lessen the risk, and the purchase of insurance against the risk that remains.
Определите основную идею текста.
Insurance
1. Insurance plays a central role in the functioning of modern economies. Life insurance offers protection against the economic impact of an untimely death; health insurance covers the sometimes extraordinary costs of medical care; and bank deposits are insured by the federal government. In each case a small premium is paid by the insured to receive benefits should an unlikely but high-cost event occur.
2. An understanding of insurance must begin with the concept of risk, or the variation in possible outcomes of a situation. A shipment of goods to Europe might arrive safely or might be lost in transit. A person may incur zero medical expenses in a good year, but if he is struck by a car, they could be upward of $100,000.
3. We cannot eliminate risk from life, even at extraordinary expense. Paying extra for double-hulled tankers still leaves oil spills possible. The only way to eliminate auto-related injuries is to eliminate automobiles. Thus, the effective response to risk combines two elements: efforts or expenditures to lessen the risk, and the purchase of insurance against the risk that remains.
Определите основную идею текста.
15 Прочитайте текст и выполните задания.
World Bank
1. World Bank or International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is a multinational institution set up in 1947 to provide economic aid to member countries – mainly developing countries – to strengthen their economics. The Bank has supported a wide range of long-term investments including infrastructure projects such as roads, telecommunications and electricity supply; agriculture and industrial projects including the establishment of new industries, as well as social, training and educational programmes.
2. The Bank's funds come largely from the developed countries, but it also raises money on international capital markets. The Bank operates according to 'business principles' lending at commercial rates of interest only to those governments it feels are capable of servicing and repaying their debts.
3. In 1960, however, it established an affiliate agency, the International Development Association, to provide low-interest loans to its poorer members. Another affiliate of the World Bank is the International Finance Corporation which can invest directly in companies by acquiring shares.
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World Bank
1. World Bank or International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is a multinational institution set up in 1947 to provide economic aid to member countries – mainly developing countries – to strengthen their economics. The Bank has supported a wide range of long-term investments including infrastructure projects such as roads, telecommunications and electricity supply; agriculture and industrial projects including the establishment of new industries, as well as social, training and educational programmes.
2. The Bank's funds come largely from the developed countries, but it also raises money on international capital markets. The Bank operates according to 'business principles' lending at commercial rates of interest only to those governments it feels are capable of servicing and repaying their debts.
3. In 1960, however, it established an affiliate agency, the International Development Association, to provide low-interest loans to its poorer members. Another affiliate of the World Bank is the International Finance Corporation which can invest directly in companies by acquiring shares.
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