Иностранный язык (английский) – страница 39
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There are two distinct kinds of lawyer in Britain. One of these is a solicitor. Everybody who needs a lawyer has to go to one of these. They handle most legal matters for their clients, including the drawing up of documents (such as wills, divorce papers and contracts), communicating with other parties, and presenting their clients’ cases in magistrates’ courts. However, only since 1994 have solicitors been allowed to present cases in higher courts. If the trial is to be heard in one of these the solicitor normally hires the services of the other kind of lawyer – a barrister. The only function of barristers is to present cases in court.
The training of the two kinds of lawyer is very different. For example, all solicitors have to pass the Law Society exam. They study for this exam while “articled” to established firms of solicitors, where they do much of the everyday junior work until they are qualified.
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Solicitors present their clients’ cases in …
There are two distinct kinds of lawyer in Britain. One of these is a solicitor. Everybody who needs a lawyer has to go to one of these. They handle most legal matters for their clients, including the drawing up of documents (such as wills, divorce papers and contracts), communicating with other parties, and presenting their clients’ cases in magistrates’ courts. However, only since 1994 have solicitors been allowed to present cases in higher courts. If the trial is to be heard in one of these the solicitor normally hires the services of the other kind of lawyer – a barrister. The only function of barristers is to present cases in court.
The training of the two kinds of lawyer is very different. For example, all solicitors have to pass the Law Society exam. They study for this exam while “articled” to established firms of solicitors, where they do much of the everyday junior work until they are qualified.
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Solicitors present their clients’ cases in …
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Yesterday afternoon thieves stole £500 from a post office in Preston, Lancashire. Police do not have a good description of the two men, but they know that they escaped in a red Ford Cortina. This information came from an 11-year-old boy, Charlie Carrack.
Yesterday afternoon thieves stole £500 from a post office in Preston, Lancashire. Police do not have a good description of the two men, but they know that they escaped in a red Ford Cortina. This information came from an 11-year-old boy, Charlie Carrack.
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Dennis Heal is 1_______. He went to Oxford University in 1975, and in 1982 he became a Member of 2_______. He has been an MP since then. He was Defence 3_______ from 1989-95. He has written three books, including his autobiography The Time of my Life, and a 4_______ story called The Time to Run. He is married to the artist Edna Heal, and they have two children. They lived in Oxford for 10 years, then moved to London in 1995. They now live in a house in Cadogan Square in central London.
Dennis Heal is 1_______. He went to Oxford University in 1975, and in 1982 he became a Member of 2_______. He has been an MP since then. He was Defence 3_______ from 1989-95. He has written three books, including his autobiography The Time of my Life, and a 4_______ story called The Time to Run. He is married to the artist Edna Heal, and they have two children. They lived in Oxford for 10 years, then moved to London in 1995. They now live in a house in Cadogan Square in central London.
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What does a business lawyer have?
A business lawyer can help you even from the planning stage of your business and advise on what type of organization to choose: a corporation, a partnership or sole business. Incorporation or registration of the business is also the lawyer’s competence. The lawyer will be the one to draft the bylaws of your company.
A business lawyer who has profound knowledge of intellectual property laws is your right hand when it comes to protect your patent, trademark right or your copyright.
What does a business lawyer have?
A business lawyer can help you even from the planning stage of your business and advise on what type of organization to choose: a corporation, a partnership or sole business. Incorporation or registration of the business is also the lawyer’s competence. The lawyer will be the one to draft the bylaws of your company.
A business lawyer who has profound knowledge of intellectual property laws is your right hand when it comes to protect your patent, trademark right or your copyright.
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Bribery is offering or giving to a government official money or anything of value which the official was not authorized to receive in order to influence performance of an official duty. Accepting the money or offer is also bribery.
Bribery is offering or giving to a government official money or anything of value which the official was not authorized to receive in order to influence performance of an official duty. Accepting the money or offer is also bribery.
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The different styles of training reflect the different worlds that the solicitors and the barrister live in, and also the different skills that they develop. Solicitors have to deal with the realities of the everyday world and its problems. Most of their work is done away from the courts. They often become experts in the details of particular areas of the law. Barristers, on the other hand, live a more rarefied existence. For one thing, they tend to come from the upper strata of society. Furthermore, their protection from everyday realities is increased by certain legal rules. For example, they are not supposed to talk to any of their clients, or to their client’s witnesses, except in the presence of the solicitor who has hired them. They are experts on general principles of the law rather than on details, and they acquire the special skill of eloquence in public speaking. When they present a case in court, they, like judges, put on the archaic gown and wig which, it is supposed, emphasize the impersonal majesty of the law.
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Barristers’ protection from everyday realities is increased by …
The different styles of training reflect the different worlds that the solicitors and the barrister live in, and also the different skills that they develop. Solicitors have to deal with the realities of the everyday world and its problems. Most of their work is done away from the courts. They often become experts in the details of particular areas of the law. Barristers, on the other hand, live a more rarefied existence. For one thing, they tend to come from the upper strata of society. Furthermore, their protection from everyday realities is increased by certain legal rules. For example, they are not supposed to talk to any of their clients, or to their client’s witnesses, except in the presence of the solicitor who has hired them. They are experts on general principles of the law rather than on details, and they acquire the special skill of eloquence in public speaking. When they present a case in court, they, like judges, put on the archaic gown and wig which, it is supposed, emphasize the impersonal majesty of the law.
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Barristers’ protection from everyday realities is increased by …
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In the USA law comes from written laws such as constitutions, statutes, ordinances and treaties. 1_______. Law also comes from the rules and decisions of administrative agencies.
2_______. A federal law must not violate the U.S. Constitution. 3_______.
There are two very important principles of constitutional law that are basic to the US judicial system. 4_______.
In the USA law comes from written laws such as constitutions, statutes, ordinances and treaties. 1_______. Law also comes from the rules and decisions of administrative agencies.
2_______. A federal law must not violate the U.S. Constitution. 3_______.
There are two very important principles of constitutional law that are basic to the US judicial system. 4_______.
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In all legal systems there are institutions for creating, modifying, abolishing and applying the law. 1_______. The role of each court and its capacity to make decision is strictly defined in relation to other courts. 2_______. One is that a particular court can specialize in particular kinds of legal actions – for example, family courts and juvenile courts. 3_______. The decisions of a higher court are binding upon lower courts. 4_______.
In all legal systems there are institutions for creating, modifying, abolishing and applying the law. 1_______. The role of each court and its capacity to make decision is strictly defined in relation to other courts. 2_______. One is that a particular court can specialize in particular kinds of legal actions – for example, family courts and juvenile courts. 3_______. The decisions of a higher court are binding upon lower courts. 4_______.
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There are 51 basic legal systems in the United States: the federal system and a separate system in each of the 50 states. Although these systems are mainly similar, they also have important differences. For example, laws governing marriage and divorce are not the same in all states. The differences among legal systems exist because each of the original 13 states was previously sovereign (independent).
There are 51 basic legal systems in the United States: the federal system and a separate system in each of the 50 states. Although these systems are mainly similar, they also have important differences. For example, laws governing marriage and divorce are not the same in all states. The differences among legal systems exist because each of the original 13 states was previously sovereign (independent).
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Holmes and Watson were on the trail of two bank 1_______.
“Do we know anything about them?” asked Watson as they boarded the Brighton train.
“Yes, Watson. My 2_______ show that they were both born on the same day of the same year and of the same 3_______.”
“So they’re twins!” 4_______ Watson.
“Not so, Watson,” replied Holmes.
HOW IS THIS POSSIBLE? They are two of a set of triplets (or quads, or quins, etc).
Holmes and Watson were on the trail of two bank 1_______.
“Do we know anything about them?” asked Watson as they boarded the Brighton train.
“Yes, Watson. My 2_______ show that they were both born on the same day of the same year and of the same 3_______.”
“So they’re twins!” 4_______ Watson.
“Not so, Watson,” replied Holmes.
HOW IS THIS POSSIBLE? They are two of a set of triplets (or quads, or quins, etc).
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What is Common law often contrasted with?
Common law is judge-made law. Law that exists and applies to a group on the basis of historical developed over hundreds of years. Because it is not written by elected politicians but, rather, by judges, it is also referred to as “unwritten” law. Judges seek these principles out when trying a case and apply the precedents to the facts to come up with a judgment. Common law is often contrasted with civil law systems which require all laws to be written in a code or written collection.
What is Common law often contrasted with?
Common law is judge-made law. Law that exists and applies to a group on the basis of historical developed over hundreds of years. Because it is not written by elected politicians but, rather, by judges, it is also referred to as “unwritten” law. Judges seek these principles out when trying a case and apply the precedents to the facts to come up with a judgment. Common law is often contrasted with civil law systems which require all laws to be written in a code or written collection.
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Jessica: Nick! Come in, come in. I’d like you to meet Josh Crosby.
John: 1_______, Nick.
Nick: How do you do. 2_______.
Jessica: John is our company lawyer. He is taking care of the contracts.
Nick: I see.
John: I hear you are from Canada.
Nick: 3_______.
John: How long will you be staying in the States?
Nick: Oh, about three months.
John: How do you like it here so far?
Nick: It’s great. I’m really enjoying it.
John: Well, if you excuse me, I have to go. 4_______.
Nick: Thanks, nice meeting you, too. Hope to see you again sometime.
Jessica: Nick! Come in, come in. I’d like you to meet Josh Crosby.
John: 1_______, Nick.
Nick: How do you do. 2_______.
Jessica: John is our company lawyer. He is taking care of the contracts.
Nick: I see.
John: I hear you are from Canada.
Nick: 3_______.
John: How long will you be staying in the States?
Nick: Oh, about three months.
John: How do you like it here so far?
Nick: It’s great. I’m really enjoying it.
John: Well, if you excuse me, I have to go. 4_______.
Nick: Thanks, nice meeting you, too. Hope to see you again sometime.
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One of the views of law is that it is a method of social control – an instrument of social, political, and economic change. 1_______. It is difficult to determine whether the law brings about changes in our society or whether changes of society bring about a change in the law. 2_______. The law-responding to the goals, desires, needs, and aspirations of society is in a constant state of change. 3_______. In this event the law and our legal system provide leadership in bringing about changes. At other times our society is ahead of the law in moving in new directions, and changes are brought about by the people who act according to their new attitude and convictions. When these changes are accepted by the rest of society, it often happens that the law then gives approval and recognition of the changes, and the law has thus been brought into line with the changing needs of society. 4_______. As a result of this laws have been enacted that require that devices be installed to control pollution. Here the public pressure resulted in the enactment of laws and the law was a follower rather than a leader. It is important to note that the law is not static – that it is constantly changing and that the impetus for the changes may come from many different sources.
One of the views of law is that it is a method of social control – an instrument of social, political, and economic change. 1_______. It is difficult to determine whether the law brings about changes in our society or whether changes of society bring about a change in the law. 2_______. The law-responding to the goals, desires, needs, and aspirations of society is in a constant state of change. 3_______. In this event the law and our legal system provide leadership in bringing about changes. At other times our society is ahead of the law in moving in new directions, and changes are brought about by the people who act according to their new attitude and convictions. When these changes are accepted by the rest of society, it often happens that the law then gives approval and recognition of the changes, and the law has thus been brought into line with the changing needs of society. 4_______. As a result of this laws have been enacted that require that devices be installed to control pollution. Here the public pressure resulted in the enactment of laws and the law was a follower rather than a leader. It is important to note that the law is not static – that it is constantly changing and that the impetus for the changes may come from many different sources.